Ratification of the Peace of Munster (1648)
The Peace of Munster was the first in a series of peace treaties that ended both the Thirty Years’ War and the Eighty Years’ War. The biggest tenet, arguably, of the Peace of Westphalia was that all parties involved in the treaty (which was basically all of Europe considering the scope of the Thirty Years’ War ) would recognize the doctrine of cuius regio, eius religio (Literally, whose rule, his religion), which basically meant that the religion of the state was whatever religion the Prince was. This was formally recognized to either be Lutheranism, Catholicism, or Calvinism.
This specific tenet was the final nail in the coffin for the pan-European power of the Catholic Church. Pope Innocent X knew this to be the case and described the treaty, using as many derogatory terms as he could, ”null, void, invalid, iniquitous, unjust, damnable, reprobate, inane, empty of meaning and effect for all time”.
And thus with a sad whine, the Catholic Church faded into obscurity in the stage of world affairs.
